Pleural mesothelioma and its treatment options

Mesothelioma is a critical and fatal cancer. It is caused by direct exposure to asbestos. Mesothelioma cancer is categorized into three categories: pleural mesothelioma, peritoneal mesothelioma and pericardial mesothelioma. This destructive cancer damages the mesothelium which is a membrane that forms the lining of several body cavities like the pleural (thoracal cavity), peritoneum (abdominal cavity) and pericardium (heart sac).

Pleural mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma is one of the most common forms of mesothelioma. More than 75% of victims fall in this category. This cancer affects the outer lining of the lungs and the chest cavity and makes it thicket. Symptoms of pleural mesothelioma are very common like difficulty in breathing, pain in the chest, fatigue, swelling of the face and neck, trouble when swallowing, cough and weight loss. These symptoms are shown by other diseases also and hence it becomes difficult to diagnose this cancer. Lining of the lungs are made up of two layers, parietal which covers the chest wall and visceral which covers the lungs. Mesothelium cells grow and produce a tumor which enlarges the space, causing it to fill with fluid. This extra thickness in layers is known as pleural effusion which leads to discomfort and pain in the chest. The pain may also be felt in the arms and the shoulders.

After the diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma you can opt for several mesothelioma treatment options. The factors like the patient’s age and history, location of the tumor, and stage of the cancer are to be noted while treating the patient. The different treatments available for the pleural mesothelioma are radiation, chemotherapy, pneumonectomy, and palliative therapies. Pneumonectomy means removing the cancerous lung or parts of the diaphragm where the disease has spread. In this treatment parts of chest and surrounding tissue which may be affected by the cancerous cells are also removed. This treatment can be carried out depending on the patients overall health, the amount of asbestos inhaled and the spread of the disease.

The next form of treatment is radiation. In this treatment the area affected by the cancer is exposed to the radioactive source. These radiations destroy the cancerous cells. Radiation therapy do not cause any harm to the healthy cells. Chemotherapy is one of the common treatments for pleural mesothelioma. In this treatment high power drugs are given to the patients either by injecting it or in the forms of pills. These drugs may cause some side effects such as vomiting, hair loss, nausea, weight loss and fatigue. The disadvantage in this treatment is that the drugs administered have to make their way to the cancerous cells, unlike radiation therapy where the radiation is directly targeted to the affected area. This may cause harm to the healthy cells as well.

Palliative therapies involve extracting extra fluid by needle and suction from the affected areas. In order to keep fluid accumulation under control, drugs are used. Researches are being performed to find new ways to treat this deadly cancer and so you should always keep yourself updated with these treatments and researches.