Treatments of Mesothelioma

Malignant mesothelioma treatments may be difficult, all kinds of reasons. First, to correct diagnosis, entry may not appear in a patient for decades. This could cause problems with the processing, because, like all mesothelioma of cancer therapy is more difficult, and are no longer allowed to the progress of the disease. In addition, caused by delay treatment of difficulty, this disease is usually mesothelioma should not traditional cancer therapies, more complex treatment. At the same time, the agency, involving mesothelioma cannot bear part or the whole of the removed usually, it means surgical options can be very limited. Finally, the fact that most of the male patients with advanced international level of smoking older than 50 years, usually means that the more radical therapy can be used, because fall because of the health old.

Altogether, this means that even mesothelioma patients, recently diagnosed can get quite a negative outcome doctos from them. Statistics is difficult, but British scientists think 10% of the patients newly diagnosed with at least 3 years of entry, Only 5% of the live for five years or longer. In the first stage, 50% of patients live for at least two years. But doctors may be wrong, and diagnosed mesothelioma is not always equal death. In the case of a famous scientist Stephen jay gould, live peritoneal mesothelioma nearly 20 years. Finally, he died of another kind of cancer.

The four stages of disease malignant mesothelioma measurement has been improved. How to treat patients mesothelioma depends largely on which stage, he or she�s sick.

I: local mesothelioma * stage, only exist in lung, diaphragm and pericardium lining.

The second stage: advanced mesothelioma sexually transmitted to the lymph nodes in the chest.

Stage 3: advanced mesotheioma * has spread to the chest wall, chest, heart and diaphragm. The third stage malignant mesothelioma may or may not has spread to lymph nodes.

* 4: advanced mesothelioma is spread to other organs in the chest and abdomen.

Surgery,

Example 1) or mild second stage mesothelioma is usually provide one or more traditional cancer therapy: surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. For early surgery patients, the disease is cured by literally entry cutting of cancer patients. The most common surgery is a pleurectomy pleural mesothelioma or decortication and this is doctor remove all or part of a lung tissue and chest. If doctors found that they cannot eliminate cancer and dismantling of lung tissue, they may also removed a pneumonectomy under, This is called. A more radical types of surgical treatment of pleural mesothelioma called extrapleural pneunonectomy (EPP). In this case, the surgeon will remove a subpleural lung cancer and a heart of inner diaphragm,. It is dangerous and difficult types of surgery, the surgeon will recommend or light.

This kind of influence, peritoneal mesothelioma abdominal surgery patients could give cytoredutive. In the surgery, doctors are trying to remove all the cancerous tissue they can find his belly and viscera. Doctors also can choose peritonectomy throughout the abdomen will be removed. Again, this isn�t an easy surgery and may not be suitable for every man, but it has successfully some patients. Cardiac patients undergoing surgery is generally entry.

Radiation and chemotherapy

In addition, or instead of the surgery, doctors will give patients with early mesothelioma chemotherapy and radiotherapy or both. Radiation and chemotherapy are used to kill cancer patients without killing. Unfortuantely, in order to kill cancer cells, these people often kill healthy cells. This is why cancer patients often lose their hair, diet, and generally weak and sick. The doctor prescribed of chemotherapy and radiation may also suggest nutritional supplements or other measures to control these symptoms.

Chemotherapy is any treating patients is specially designed to chemical drug therapy of cancer cells attack experience. This drug is injected into the blood often swallowing or in weeks or months later, in a loop, and give some patients recover time during treatment. Patients can stay at home, only need to visit your doctor�s office, they can be treated, Sometimes even treatment at home. In some cases, doctors can choose chemotherapy drugs, it needs directly carcinoma patients who, so must live in a hospital. There are many different kinds of chemotherapy drugs, scientists are trying to develop better every day.

Radiation therapy, aims to kill cancer cells and high-energy rays radiation, such as x-rays, prevent them grow. Patients with external-beam radiotherapy, directed by director certain parts of the body ray radiation is affected by cancer. This treatment lasts about 30 minutes a day, is in the same every day after a few weeks. In brachytherapy (internal, the doctor beside a container of radioactive substances of cancerous tissue, surgery, or existing in the body cavity. Some, others will be removed, replaced. Finally, radiopharmaceuticals is sometimes used to execute the radiation therapy, or injections into the body cavity or swallowed.

Source : Meso Info

Three Types of Malignant Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma cell lines the inside chest and abdomen, as well as heartfelt bag - the cavity around the heart. These cells are also lines the surface of most internal organs.


Fabric formed mezotelialnymi cells is called mezoteliya. Mezotely chest called pleurisy, abdominal - ventral cavity and heart - pericardium. Tumors mezoteliya are benign and malignant, and usually there are malignant tumors, called mesothelioma.






There are three types of malignant mezoteliom:
1. Epitelioidny type of 50-70% of all mezoteliom and with the best prognosis (outcome).


2. Sarkomatoidny type (7-20%).


3. Mixed type (20-35%).


Nearly 3 / 4 mezoteliom occurs in the thoracic cavity and are called the pleura mezoteliom. In 10-20% of the tumor develops in the abdomen - mesothelioma peritoneum. Mesothelioma pericardiocentesis occur very infrequently.


How frequently malignant mesothelioma occur?
Mesothelioma is a rare tumor, which is more common in men after 50 years. Every year thousands of new evidence of 2-3 cases. The tumor may be a long time, asymptomatic, and therefore is often detected at later stages, which negatively influences the prognosis (outcome) of disease. The average survival rate of patients is usually only 1-2 years.


Risk factors of malignant mesothelioma.
Exposure to asbestos is a major risk factor for mesothelioma. Asbestos is used in the manufacture of insulation and fire-resistant materials, tiles, brake pads, etc. Once the relationship of contact with asbestos and mesothelioma development of this substance has been dramatically reduced.
The risk of developing mesothelioma depends on the intensity and duration of exposure to asbestos. Prolonged contact at a young age greatly increases the risk of mesothelioma. The time period from the time of first contact with asbestos before the diagnosis of tumors is 20-50 years.


Smoking by itself does not affect the increase in the development of mesothelioma, but the combination of smoking and asbestos exposure significantly increases the risk of developing lung cancer. A smoking people exposed to asbestos, the risk of developing lung cancer increased in the 50-90 times compared with the general population.


To prevent (prevent) the development of mesothelioma must be taken to avoid contact with asbestos at home and at work.




Diagnosis of mesothelioma
Early symptoms mezoteliom are not specific. They are sometimes ignored or taken for patients of normal neopuholevyh diseases. Most patients with mesothelioma symptoms appear in 2-3 months to identify the tumor. A number of patients with symptoms may continue for 6 months or more.


50% of patients with mesothelioma pleura note at the bottom of a chest pain in the side or rear surface. Many patients complain of shortness of breath. In some cases, there is difficulty swallowing, coughing, sweating, weakness, weight loss and increased temperature. Other symptoms can indicate osiplost voice, hemoptysis, swelling of the face and upper limbs.


Patients with mesothelioma peritoneum possible abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss. Some patients may receive the fluid in the abdomen (ascites) and / or swelling.


If you like mezoteliomu is an urgent need to consult a doctor to ascertain the presence of risk factors and appoint survey. During the examination the doctor can detect the presence of fluid in the pleural cavity (pleurisy), abdomen (ascites) or perikarde (pericarditis), which occurs as a result of the development of tumors.


Chest x-ray can detect thickening of pleura, the presence of kaltsifikatov (mineral deposits) in plevre and fluid in the pleural cavity.


Computer tomography (CT) makes it possible to diagnose mesothelioma and to determine the prevalence of (stage).


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help identify lesions diaphragm - the muscle tissue, which separates the chest and abdominal cavity.


Thoracoscopy (examination of pleural cavity with a special device) you can not only identify the tumor, but also to make a biopsy (take a piece of tissue for research) or to obtain fluid for microscopic studies to clarify the diagnosis.


Laparoscopy (abdominal examination with the help of the device) you can examine the abdominal cavity, take a piece of the tumor, or fluid for research.




Stages (prevalence), mesothelioma
Currently, only differentiated stage mesothelioma pleura, as occurs much more frequently than others localizations. There are 4 stages pleura mesothelioma.


Stage I - the tumor affects plevru the left or right, and the lymph nodes in the process is not involved.


Stage II - one-sided defeat of pleura and the spread of tumor in the diaphragm or lung tissue.


Stage III - one-sided defeat of pleura and distribution process on the front chest wall, or fatty tissue mediastinum, or pericardium, or lymph nodes on the side of mesothelioma.


Stage IV - mesothelioma involved in muscle or ribs, or sprouts diaphragm, or esophagus, trachea, thymus, the major blood vessels, or spine, or moving to the other side, or distributed through the bloodstream to distant organs.


Treatment of malignant mesothelioma
The choice of treatment depends on several factors including the stage of the tumor, the general condition of the patient and his views. Given the rarity of mesothelioma, it is advisable to carry out specialized cancer treatment facilities that have experience in the treatment of such patients.
Surgical treatment
The operation can be performed as a palliative or therapeutic purposes. A palliative operation meant surgery, which can eliminate or reduce pain or discomfort caused by the growth of tumors. Such operations are used when it is impossible to remove a tumor because of the prevalence of the condition of the patient or heavy.


Plevroektomiya / decortication is generally palliative operation is to remove the pleura, which prevents the accumulation of fluid and reduce the pain.


Torakotsentez - a procedure in which a needle is removed from the liquid from the pleural cavity to facilitate the patient's condition.


The introduction of talc or antibiotics in the pleural cavity in order to temporarily prevent the accumulation of fluid in the well in 90% of patients with mesothelioma pleura.


Puncture the front abdominal wall allows you to remove the accumulated fluid in the abdomen in patients with mesothelioma peritoneum.


Patients with mesothelioma pericardiocentesis pericardiocentesis execution provides an opportunity to remove fluid and improve the heart's activity.


Patients in a satisfactory condition with a localized tumor, performing radical surgery, ie complete removal of mesothelioma.
One should bear in mind that often, after the alleged radical operations are microscopic tumor foci. In this regard, the importance of radical operations in patients with mesothelioma contested.


Vneplevralnaya pneumonectomy is the removal of pleura, diaphragm, pericardiocentesis and light on the side of destruction. This extended operation can be performed only highly trained surgeons, oncologists in the patients with good general condition with severe concomitant diseases.


In patients with localized mezotelimoy peritoneum may be an attempt to remove a tumor along with part of the abdominal wall. Unfortunately, most patients with mesothelioma peritoneum performance of radical operations can not be in the prevalence of the process.


In the case of localized lesions pericardiocentesis performed his disposal, and in the dissemination process - palliative intervention to prevent the accumulation of fluid.




Radiation therapy
External radiation is used in patients with mesothelioma frequently.
With internal radiation radioactive material is brought directly to the tumor.
This type of radiation therapy is used as the primary method of treatment for patients in serious condition, when they can not move a serious operation.


Supporting radiotherapy after non appointed operations to destroy the remaining cancer cells.
Palliative irradiation is used to alleviate symptoms caused by the growth of tumors: shortness of breath, pain, bleeding and difficulty swallowing.


Radiation therapy can cause adverse reactions and complications in the form of burning the skin, weakness, nausea, vomiting, liquid stool, damage lung tissue, difficulty breathing.
Most adverse events being held after the completion of the course of irradiation.
It is known that radiation therapy may increase the side effects of chemotherapy.




Chemotherapy
When treating patients with malignant mesothelioma drugs could be imposed not only intravenously, but intrapleural and vnutriperitonealno (in the abdominal cavity).
Depending on the stage of tumor chemotherapy can be both substantive and supportive treatment. Moreover, chemotherapy is used only as a palliative, giving only a temporary effect.
Of the anticancer drugs used: doxorubicin, cisplatin, methotrexate, vinorelbin and others in various combinations.


On the adverse reactions of chemotherapy include: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, hair loss, the appearance of ulcers in the mouth, increased susceptibility to infections, bleeding. Most adverse events being held after completion of treatment.

Source : Over Mesothelioma